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Title: 5-G MD Simulations Open Access Deposited

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Abstract
  • Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) are now commonly used to control the stereoselectivity of catalytic reactions, but controlling ArM chemoselectivity remains challenging. In this study, we engineer a dirhodium ArM to catalyze diazo cross-coupling to form an alkene that, in a one-pot cascade reaction, is reduced to an alkane with high enantioselectivity (typically >99% e.e.) by an alkene reductase. The numerous protein and small molecule components required for the cascade reaction had minimal effect on ArM catalysis. Directed evolution of the ArM led to improved yields and E/Z selectivities for a variety of substrates, which translated well to cascade reaction yields. MD simulations of ArM variants were used to understand the structural role of the cofactor on large-scale scaffold structural dynamics. These results highlight the ability of ArMs to control both catalyst stereoselectivity and chemoselectivity to enable reactions in complex media that would otherwise lead to undesired side reactions.
Methodology
  • See  https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202107982 An excerpt from the experimental of that manuscript is provided here: To gain insight into how the POP scaffold might give rise to the observed ArM selectivity, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on models of 5-G that involved different starting coordination states of dirhodium cofactor 1. Three starting coordination states (5-G apo, 5-G with parameterized Rh-His bond, 5-G without Rh-His bond) were studied. The initial structure of 5-G apo was constructed from the crystal structure of POP, with the following amino acids mutations made using VMD17: S477F/E104A/F146A/K199A/D202A/S301G/G99S/Y326H/Q98P/S99H/V71G/E283G. The 5-G with Rh-His and 5-G without Rh-His bond models were constructed by mutating S477Z (Z is azidophenylalanine, where dirhodium cofactor 1 covalently links to the protein), which is the only other mutation from 5-G apo. No other changes where made to the model without a Rh-His bond. The Rh-His model contains a parameterized H326 bond to one of the dirhodium atoms, as shown in Figure 2D. MD simulations were performed for the 5-G apo, with Rh-His and no Rh-His POP enzymes. All three structures were bathed in a 0.15M KCl solution using the Solution Builder Module in CHARMM-GUI.18 These systems were roughly 100  100  100 Å3 in dimension and contained ~ 110,000 atoms. The periodic boundary conditions were counted using the particle-mesh Ewald method with an automatic generated grid size. Once the simulation systems were generated, they were subjected to equilibration at 358.15 K. The system was first equilibrated in an NVT ensemble for 10 ns. The equilibration simulations were performed using NAMD2.14 GPU acceleration version package19 on Nvidia’s P100 GPUs. After equilibration, the systems were simulated for 1000 ns each in an NPT ensemble with temperature set to 358.15 K and the isotropic pressure set to 1 atm. Langevin thermostats with a damping coefficient of 1 ps-1 were used to keep the temperature constant. The cutoff of the van der Waals interactions and short-range electrostatic interactions were set to ~25 Å as suggested by the guesser script. The additive C36 force field was used in all the simulations performed here.20,21,22,23 The force field parameters for the covalently linked dirhodium cofactor 1 were generated using the GAAMP server.24
Description
  • To gain insight into how the POP scaffold might give rise to the observed ArM selectivity, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on models of 5-G that involved different starting coordination states of dirhodium cofactor 1. Three starting coordination states (5-G apo, 5-G with parameterized Rh-His bond, 5-G without Rh-His bond) were studied. The initial structure of 5-G apo was constructed from the crystal structure of POP, with the following amino acids mutations made using VMD17: S477F/E104A/F146A/K199A/D202A/S301G/G99S/Y326H/Q98P/S99H/V71G/E283G. The 5-G with Rh-His and 5-G without Rh-His bond models were constructed by mutating S477Z (Z is azidophenylalanine, where dirhodium cofactor 1 covalently links to the protein), which is the only other mutation from 5-G apo. No other changes where made to the model without a Rh-His bond. The Rh-His model contains a parameterized H326 bond to one of the dirhodium atoms, as shown in Figure 2D. MD simulations were performed for the 5-G apo, with Rh-His and no Rh-His POP enzymes. All three structures were bathed in a 0.15M KCl solution using the Solution Builder Module in CHARMM-GUI.18 These systems were roughly 100  100  100 Å3 in dimension and contained ~ 110,000 atoms. The periodic boundary conditions were counted using the particle-mesh Ewald method with an automatic generated grid size. Once the simulation systems were generated, they were subjected to equilibration at 358.15 K. The system was first equilibrated in an NVT ensemble for 10 ns. The equilibration simulations were performed using NAMD2.14 GPU acceleration version package19 on Nvidia’s P100 GPUs. After equilibration, the systems were simulated for 1000 ns each in an NPT ensemble with temperature set to 358.15 K and the isotropic pressure set to 1 atm. Langevin thermostats with a damping coefficient of 1 ps-1 were used to keep the temperature constant. The cutoff of the van der Waals interactions and short-range electrostatic interactions were set to ~25 Å as suggested by the guesser script. The additive C36 force field was used in all the simulations performed here.20,21,22,23 The force field parameters for the covalently linked dirhodium cofactor 1 were generated using the GAAMP server.24
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  • National Science Foundation (NSF)
  • Department of Defense (DOD)
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Last modified
  • 11/17/2021
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To Cite this Work:
Lewis, J., Roux, B., Li, Y., Upp, D. 5-G MD Simulations [Data set]. Indiana University - DataCORE.

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